Month: July 2019

SINCE its creation over 100 year ago, the car has positioned itself as the predominant mean of transport in the world and it has become a key instrument for the functioning of society. However, over the last decades, the world has experienced an intense process of environmental awareness, where the automobile plays a significant role by being one of the main pollution sources that exist in the planet.

The standard OBDI was created with the objective of monitoring the pollution levels of light levels. OBDI is in charge of monitoring the engine’s main components and its implementation in new vehicles became mandatory in the United States since 1991 [1]. The current OBDII standard was developed in 1996 as a result of stricter environmental measures in the United States and its implementation in new vehicles has being mandatory since that year. Currently the OBDII standard has been implemented in most new vehicles around the world and it is main tool for a complete automotive diagnosis.

OBDII is not only able to determine errors in the vehicle operation; it is also capable of providing information in real time about different parameters of the system. Currently many companies require that their vehicles to be in constant use, this causes them to be at risk of mechanical failures, capable of compromising not only their integrity but also the occupants security. These failures can cause the vehicle stoppage for repair, which represent a problem in terms of cost and logistics for the owners. Therefore, a system that integrates the information provided by the OBDII standard with a userfriendly interface, allows companies and vehicle owners to be aware of the mechanical condition of their unit, being able to identify and solve car problems and prevent potential catastrophic damage to them. The implementation of this system ensures the reliability of the vehicles and safety of the occupants concerning the mechanical part.

STANDARD OBDII All printed material, including text, illustrations, and charts, must be kept within a print area of 6-1/2 inches (16.51 cm) wide by 8-7/8 inches (22.51 cm) high. Do not write or print anything outside the print area. All text must be in a two-column format. Columns are to be 3-1/16 inches (7.85 cm) wide, with a 3/8 inch (0.81 cm) space between them. Text must be fully justified. A format sheet with the margins and placement guides is available as both Word and PDF files as and . It contains lines and boxes showing the margins and print areas. If you hold it and your printed page up to the light, you can easily check your margins to see if your print area fits within the space allowed. A. Description In 1988, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) established for vehicle manufacturers to necessarily include a program of self – diagnosis in automotive computers. This first generation of on-board diagnostic systems was known as OBDI. [2]

OBDI is a set of programmed instructions in computers or automotive brains. The main objective of these programs is to detect any damage that might occur in actuators, switches and the wiring of any system that is related to gas emissions from the vehicle. Therefore if the computer detects a failure or malfunction in any of these systems, an indicator on the dashboard is lit. The indicator therefore will only be lit when a problem is detected in the vehicle emissions. OBDII offers a second version of OBDI, the diagnosis programs are improved and show a new automotive monitoring function, unlike OBDI that was only able to identify damaged components. The monitoring function not only deals with issues related to gas emission systems but several others responsible for the proper operation and safety of the vehicle. OBDII also allows all this information to be available and accessible to owners and mechanics using the proper equipment. However, OBDII’s main characteristic is standardization but each manufacturer implemented it based on their own considerations. The connector, communication protocols, fault codes and terminology varied depending on the car brand, so diagnostic systems had no interoperability between cars from different manufacturers. Therefore OBDII three main objectives are: • Standardize communication procedures and protocols between the diagnostic equipment and automotive computers • Promote the use of a standard link connector on all vehicles. • Standardize the code numbers, code definitions and used language for the description and identification of car flaws. • Currently most modern light vehicles incorporate the OBDII standard; however, for heavy vehicles its implementation is not yet mandatory. B. ODBII Connector The Data Link Connector or DLC is the physical interface between the vehicle’s computer and the diagnosis system or equipment. In OBDI systems shape, size and connector location varied between manufacturers while using OBDII the 16-pin connector is standardize and even though its location varies between vehicles, in general it is possible to find it in the left hand part of the instrumental board.

C. OBDII Faul Codes Also known as Diagnose Trouble Code or DTC, these codes identify failures or malfunctioning in systems of specific components of the vehicle. [3] Each vehicle in its instrumental board has a malfunction indicator known as “Engine Light”. When the computer detects a problem in automotive operation of one or more systems: Assigns a fault code that identifies the source of the problem, store this code in the internal memory of the computer and turns on the malfunction indicator to inform the owner to carry out a check on the vehicle.

D. Bluetooth Device BAFX OBDII BAFX OBDII bluetooth adapter is a device that allows synchronization and communication between the computer of any vehicle manufactured after 1996 and an Android device or a a computer with Windows operating system. Figure 3 shows the device BAFX OBDII. [4]

Nowadays, many universities have taken advantage of elearning in the form of a website in the lecturing. Both students and faculties who want to access the e-learning should find for a computer or laptop. However the physical size of a computer, laptop, or something like that is such a large and not convenience to carry out. Considering the condition today, mobile devices have become a way of life for many people. Computers are now replaced by smartphones that can be inserted into a pocket and can be taken anywhere. However, the problem that arise is on a device with a small screen, users need to zoom and scroll to get the comfortable viewing. According the rapid development of technology, the operating systems for mobile devices are also getting popular such as iOS, Android, Blackberry, WebOS, Symbian, and others. Various operating systems raise the new problem in developing the mobile e-learning (called mobile learning), because of differences in the programming language and the differences in how the operation of each mobile device. Currently, there is hybrid application technology that can overcome the problem of many different operating systems on mobile phone. This new technology can be used in developing the e-learning mobile phone application. Furthermore, the mobile phone application can be uploaded to the application store, so it can be downloaded by another users. In this research, will be developed a mobile learning application which is a further development of the existing web based applications.

MOBILE LEARNING The term mobile learning (m-learning) refers to the use of mobile and handheld IT devices, such as Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs), mobile telephones, smartphones and tablet PC technologies, in teaching and learning. [5] As computers and the internet become essential educational tools, the technologies become more portable, affordable, effective and easy to use. This provides many opportunities for widening participation and access to ICT, and in particular the internet. Mobile devices such as phones and PDAs are much more reasonably priced than desktop computers, and therefore represent a less expensive method of accessing the internet. The introduction of tablet PCs now allows mobile internet access with equal, if not more, functionality than desktop computers. Mobile learning now currently be most useful as a supplement to ICT, web learning and more traditional learning methods, and can do much to enrich the learning experience. In the future mobile learning could be a huge factor in getting unsatisfied people in learning, where more traditional methods have failed. As mobile phones combine PDA functions with cameras, video and MP3 players, and as tablets combine the portability of PDAs with the functionality of desktops, the world of learning becomes more mobile, more flexible and more exciting.

HYBRID MOBILE APPLICATION TECHNOLOGY Hybrid is derived from heterogeneous sources, or composed of elements of different or unsuitable kinds. A hybrid application is one that is written with the same technology used for websites and mobile web implementations, and that is hosted or runs inside a native container on a mobile device. It is the integration of web technology and native execution. PhoneGap is an example of the most popular container for creating hybrid mobile application[3] [4]. Hybrid application use a web view control (UIWebView on iOS, WebView on Android and others) to present the HTML and JavaScript files in a full-screen format, using the native browser rendering engine. WebKit is the browser rendering engine that is used on iOS, Android, Blackberry and others. That means that the HTML and JavaScript used to construct a hybrid application is rendered/processed by the WebKit rendering engine (for you Windows 8 folks, this is what the IE10 engine does for Metro style applications that use WinJS) and displayed to the user in a full-screen web view control, not in a browser. No longer are you constrained to using HTML and JavaScript for only in-browser implementations on mobile devices.

Mobile computing is now dispersed and ubiquitous throughout our society, providing new avenues for communication, productivity, and commerce. Mobile networks are available and free to access throughout public spaces, laptops have provided a platform for on-the-go business management, and smartphones and tablets extend our access to information to the moment when we wake up in the morning. Yet, as we have seen with the adoption of each new piece of technology, end users are often at significant risk. Malicious intentions and knowledge of the underlying technology provide the means for cyber attacks that compromise personal and business data. The need for dynamic defense systems to analyze and prevent malicious intrusion is then self-apparent. To address the pertinent issue of security in mobile technology, in this paper we propose a security system to detect malicious activities in Android OS devices. Our proposed system is designed to operate in a cloud environment, incurs low overhead to the Android device, and facilitates multiple smartphones simultaneously. The system centers around four primary components, the Android App, the Security Server, Google Cloud Messaging (GCM) service, and the Analysis Module. Facilitating message delivery, the GCM service processes requests from the security server to the Android app. Transmitting from the mobile app, data is collected and stored from multiple devices to the security server for preprocessing. In the analysis module, static and dynamic analysis are performed simultaneously, allowing for rapid inspection of common attributes in Android malware, while complex algorithms are applied in extended examination. Once the analysis is completed, a report can be sent to the device, and a security administrator overseeing the system can view the status of the various devices in the web visualization to improve security awareness and act on security risks. The remainder of the paper is as follows: In Section II, we give the background and provide a literature review on the topics of smart mobile security and cloud computing security. In Section III, we describe the designed system architecture and outline the basic workflow. In Section IV, we describe the data analysis module and process and evaluation results. Finally, we conclude the paper in Section V.

SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE AND WORKFLOW Our developed security framework is designed to be generic, and can operate as a cloud-based service. The primary components are the Security Server, the Google Cloud Messaging (GCM) service, the Mobile Application, and the Analysis Testbed, as outlined below. In combination, they provide the scaffolding for the interconnection of the mobile device to a powerful analysis testbed. • Security Server: The security hub is a typical LAMP (Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP) server. Specifically, the Linux operating system is Ubuntu 14.04 server, running Apache2, MySQL 5.5 and PHP-5. The server is managed by the web application programmed in PHP, implementing the Laravel 5 framework, and the requisite dependencies. The web application utilizes the MySQL relational database model to store and manage smartphone system information, and application and log data, received from connected Android devices. It also provides the interface for security visualization for the security operator. • GCM: Google Cloud Messaging is a cloud-based messaging service provided by Google for developing applications compatible with Android, iOS, and Chrome. The primary feature of the GCM is to provide an authenticated project message host that queues messages while the device is not connected, and supports upstream and downstream messaging. • Mobile App: The mobile application is developed for Android OS devices. While operating, the mobile application is designed to listen for GCM messages and send system, application, and log data to the security server upon request for security analysis. • Data Analysis: The Data Analysis module utilizes Weka software [17] to analyze the test dataset comprised of dynamically obtained Android system calls and static permission information of malicious and benign applications. From the training analysis, the module can make predictive assertions about new applications based on their attributes. The workflow, shown in Figure 1, illustrates the typical interaction between the system components. The two timedependent system operations are on Startup of the application, and Daily updates to identify system changes. These daily updates can additionally be initiated from the visualization in the security hub, at the discretion of a security administrator. Startup – (1) Upon initializing the Android application, the GCM server is contacted to retrieve the registration token. This enables the initialization of new devices, as well as for situations where the registration ID is refreshed. After (2) retrieving the registration token, (3) the application contacts the web server and passes three key values: the GCM registration token, and the device Brand and Serial. The application server then queries the database for the target data. If the information matches, no further action is taken. However, if the GCM registration token has changed, it is then updated in the database. Should the device identifying information not be found, it is immediately added to the database, and (4) the server messages the GCM server, requesting additional system information from the device. (5) The GCM server passes the message to the device, and (6) the device passes the requested data to the web server to be added to the newly created database entry. Daily – (7) Independently, the web server will message the GCM server daily, requesting application data for analysis. (8) The GCM will pass along the request when the device is connected. (9) The device then transmits the requested data to the web server for analysis. The received device information is stored in the database, preprocessed, and (10) transmitted to the analysis module. The analysis module then operates on the data and determines the risks, if any. The module composes a report that is (11) returned to the web server. This report is stored in the database as for review, and copies are transmitted to the security official and the (12) GCM server. Finally, the GCM server (13) delivers the report to the device. Once a device has been registered, the security server, running in the cloud, sends daily messages to the GCM. The GCM queues the messages and transmits the requests to the mobile device. The mobile app, listening for GCM messages, processes the requests and responds to the server directly. Once the requested data is received by the server, it updates the database and triggers the analysis module. The module reduces the data and determines the status of the mobile device. If the device has been compromised, notification is sent to both the security officer, as well as to the mobile device.

Tablets, ultramobiles and mobile phones are changing the routine of people and organizations around the world, representing a very important market of consumer electronics as well as applications. In [1] Android is pointed out as the dominant mobile Operating Systems (OS), although devices running iOS, or other OSs are also found on the market. Each OS represents an ecosystem that includes specific APIs, frameworks, and development tools, and usually also defines a language to be employed in development [2] [3]. To handle the diversity of ecosystems, traditionally, native applications have been developed using the language defined by the target platforms. The native approach was the predominant way to develop mobile application for a time, since it can present advantages, as a better usage of platform resources as 3D graphics or sensors. On the other hand, modern web technologies directed towards mobile are rapidly gaining interest from large communities of developers [4] [5]. These web-based approaches employ languages that are not native to the device’s OS [6], as HTML5, JavaScript, and PHP. As advantage, these approaches enable one single implementation to be shared across the target platforms and also not having to deal with deployment specific issues related to some of the ecosystems [6] [7], being known as cross-platform approaches. As mobile devices usually have limited resources and depend on battery to work, approaches that allow migrate processing and data storing for a remote server, saving device’s resources [8], as web or cloud based ones, have received attention. Following this approach, mobile applications are very closed to the traditional web systems adopting also a client/server architecture. These systems adopt different technologies/languages for the front-end (client side) and backend (server side). Usually, front-end can be developed in HTLM5 or JavaScript, but the server side usually adopts PHP. However, recently Node.js [9] is proposed as an open-source cross-platform JavaScript runtime environment, which enables developers to write server-side components using also the JavaScript programming language. Differently from the native applications, the web-based mobile ones are executed from an embedded web browser. This additional layer can generate some overhead and thus impact negatively on application performance. Moreover, applications developed in PHP and or using Node.js, require communication with the web server. Depending of the volume of data transfered, this communication can also impact negatively in performance and energy consumption. In contrast, locally executed applications (i.e native, and JavaScript ones) tend to consume more with processing compared to the ones implemented in PHP or using Node.js. Comparative studies among native and cross-platform applications have been published, since this tendency has emerged. However, most of these works consider only criteria as development facility, usability or end-user experience, and a small number of works discuss also performance or energy consumption [5]. Since these metrics are very important in the context of mobile devices, this work has as objective to compare native Android applications developed in Java to web-based applications developed in PHP, JavaScript and Node.js. Through experiments, we evaluate the impact of adopting these approaches, regarding performance and energy consumption. Besides, we discuss when the adoption of a client/server solution can provide benefits on efficiency compared to the local approaches. Yet, this work explores the Node.js technology, which has recently emerged as a performance improvement strategy for web-based applications, evaluating how its usage impact on application efficiency. This paper is organized as follows: Section II discusses related works; Section III presents the comparative study proposed here and details methodology and the different evaluated implementations; in Section IV experimental results are presented and discussed; and Section V presents the conclusion and points out future work.

INTRODUCTION For a long time, Web servers are generally built on the computer operating system, such as Windows and Linux that both are mature operating system, but few people build the server in the Android system [1]. Now with the mobile device hardware level rising and the rapid development of Android system, Android system has become a worldwide wide-ranging operating system. Android system is not only a mobile phone operating system, but also increasingly widely used in tablet PCs, set-top boxes, wearable equipment, television, digital cameras and other equipment [2]. Android system greatly enhances the function of these devices and greatly enriches people’s lives. The research object of this paper is Android set-top box which is a micro host with Android operating system. By building the standard HTTP server environment in Android system, it makes the Android set-top box has the ability to be a lightweight Internet server [3]. We can put some web pages in the STB and nearby people can access it, thus the STB become a regional server. For example, shops can place some pages in the STB, then the customers can access it to interact, so shops can obtain operational data. But the performance of the existing Android system equipped with HTTP server is not productive because of the large system resources consumption. In this paper, the exploratory method is used to test and verify the processing capacity and system resource occupancy of multiple concurrent access Web servers under Android system. Through the HTTP request test, PHP request test and MySQL request test, the corresponding configuration is optimized to improve concurrent processing power and reduce system resource consumption. The rest of the paper is structured as follows. Section II briefly reviews existing work related to our work. Section III describes the test method and the test environment. Section IV presents experiment implementation and results analysis. Section V proposes how to optimize the server’s performance and experimental verification. Section VI summarizes the full paper.

RELATED WORK There has been a lot of researches on performance of Android and web server, they do a lot of works to propose the corresponding solutions to improve performance. However, there are few researches on Android-based web server as well as the related performance optimization schemes. Vimal [4] designs a new memory management scheme for Enhancing Performance of Applications on Android. This scheme takes into account application usage patterns of the user to decide the applications that have to be killed from the main memory and dynamically set the background process cache limit based on hit rate and number of applications of user’s interest. Yuan [5] designs experiments to compare Binder with the traditional IPC communication modes. And the experiments prove that Binder performance is enhanced by more than 20% using message queue instead of global lock. Singh [6] points out the drawbacks of current LMK approach and the paper improves user experience by reducing or removing the delay at memory crunch situations with efficient use of LMK. Su [7] introduces FSMdroid, a novel, guided approach to GUI testing of Android apps. Compared with the traditional model- based testing approaches, FSMdroid enhances the diversity of test sequences by 85%, but reduces the number of them by 54%. Liu et al. [8] presents an approach for improving the CTS test efficiency to reduce the time to perform CTS tests and shorten the time-to-market of Android devices. Asselin proposes an anomaly detection model as a very helpful tool to start building an efficient intrusion detection system adapted to a specific web application or to assist a forensic analysis.

With popularity of computer and networked application, artwork exhibition starts to change from off-line to online so as to provide artwork lovers and investors with more appreciating ways. Many famous artworks including famous painter’s painting can all be browsed and downloaded from internet. As a work of art with requirements in art expressive ability, during digital exhibition in network, it has become a key point on whether oil painting is successful in online display of oil painting in the fact whether oil painting can reduce expressive force of art in real paintings. Design and realization in oil painting management system cannot only promote communication of oil painting art but also provide art value realization with platform and tie. This paper studies mobile platform-based realization in oil painting resource system, and pushes excellent oil paintings and the latest paintings exhibition information to users’ cell-phone. The system realizes quantified appreciation evaluation in oil paintings through five-star evaluation and sets up convenient resource navigation system to realize character navigation. It constructs online test system to evaluate learners’ oil painting appreciation ability, supports online making test questions and realizes automatic checking in system. The system also adopts WebApp technology and can establish response layout in unified standard for different mobile terminals with perfect compatibility, platform crossing and flexibility.

SYSTEM REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS A. Users’ Types and Authority Analysis To satisfy different users’ specific requirements in system, this appreciation system designs user type into two types including managers and common users. Managers contain system manager, website editor while common users include teacher, students and anonymous user: z System manager belongs to super user-group in system and restructuring has the highest control authority and global authority in system. It mainly contains functional adjustment in system, business logic control such as data content filtering and interface content display. System managers should be responsible for normal operation and maintenance in system. z Website editors, that is, the content distributors in website, are mainly responsible for real-time updating in website content, the latest notice and announcement of art show in oil painting, checking distribution of anonymous users’ evaluation, updating famous painters’ excellent oil painting resources and guaranteeing synchronous real-time updating in website information. z Teacher users are mainly managing curriculum and teaching including students’ evaluation and feedback in submitting oil paintings, managing student users’ registering, checking students’ online evaluation, online making oil painting technique knowledge, announcing exam notice and online correction of exams. z Student users. They mainly learn online, study teachers’ oil paintings appreciation and technique knowledge, participate learning group discussion, complete teachers’ case appreciation online, join teachers’ stage-test and text and finally enhance knowledge acquisition according to test results. z Anonymous users. Design in system itself follows opening rules and its purpose is to make more people understand oil painting beauty and cherish traditional culture charm. B. Function Design The construction object of oil painting online display mainly include the follows: (1) It helps users to manage and simply process their oil paintings, separates bases for electronic pictures in computer on the basis of rules and ranks according to certain sequence for users’ management. (2) Computer and network technology are used for information management in oil paintings in order to improve efficiency and quality in transmission of oil paintings and support information as well as science of oil painting management. Then, functional requests of oil paintings online system mainly include artwork exhibition, painter management, paintings management, data management and system management. These are the basis for functional design of oil paintings online system to divide system functional modules.

INTRODUCTION Smartphones and 3G tablets are becoming a major platform for execution of Internet services as more powerful and less expensive devices are becoming available. From this perspective, a large number of mobile applications are becoming available for end users and corporates [1]. In comparison with home users, corporates require a more stable and reliable network especially for wireless communications. Wireless service providers need to monitor their networks not only for received signal level but also for quality of service (QoS) [2]. Frequently the quality of service is integrated with subjective information and reported as Quality of Experience (QoE) to the end users [3, 4]. Both metrics, QoS and QoE require automated and expensive monitoring tools. As smartphones’ analyzing power is becoming comparable to personal computers, the possibility of using their capabilities for live network monitoring lays ahead an interesting research field [5]. In this work, we present a mobile application exploiting measuring capabilities of modern Android-based smartphones. The developed application makes use of Android Programming Interfaces (API) to extrapolate interesting parameters from the user connected network such as received power and network responding time (latency). We use the applications as live monitoring tool in more critical situations such as in the case of fast moving users. A post-processing of the monitored data is provided via a PHP scripting language and is integrated with Google maps, using their respective programming interfaces. These post-processing results in three new layers; one made of signal quality, the next one of network latency and the last one of user velocity for the surveyed area overimposed to the geographical map. The provided information can be useful for service providers to improve their quality of service for end users. This can be in context, as “you cannot improve what you cannot measure”. The paper is organized as follows: in the first paragraph, we provide some technical equations and concepts of signalreceived power, followed by the second section where the extrapolated parameters are presented together with the application interface. In the third paragraph, measured data are provided and the results are commented and analyzed. At the end some conclusions are drawn.

RF RECEIVED POWER ON MOBILE USER EQUIPMENT In wireless communication, high data rate is proportionally related to the level of Signal to Noise Ratio of the received signal. Received power level in far field region [6, 7] is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between transmitting and receiving antenna. In GSM/UMTS network, the distance from the user mobile station (MS) and base station (BS) is to be considered as far field for practical cases. where GRX and GTX are the gains of the receive and transmit antennas, respectively, λ is the wavelength, d is the relative distance from transmitting and receiving antenna and PTX is the transmit power in dBm. From (1) we see that the received power at a fixed distance d cannot be improve without changing the antennas gain or transmitted power. In (1) only free space loss are considered in respect to other factors as multipath propagation (fading) or propagation loss on different media inserted in optical path from BS and MS. Practically, transmitted power and transmitting antenna gain are the same at any measuring time. The receiving antenna in mobile station is assumed omnidirectional, so its orientation does not influence the measuring procedure. This assumption is coherent with ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute) GSM Technical Specification [8, 9] where equipment with integral antenna may be taken into account assuming a 0 dBi gain antenna. Therefore, at a fixed distance from transmitting antenna the received power must be constant. Inpractical cases, this is not true due to other loss factors as multipath propagation and atmospheric loss. Monitoring received power at a fixed distance from transmitting station will provide information’s of the other loss factors that need to be taken into account for offering high quality of service to end users. In this section, the requirements are given in terms of power levels at the antenna connector of the receiver. This means that the tests on equipment on integral antenna will consider fields strengths (E) related to the power levels (P) specified.

Using smartphones as live probe is possible since normally the received power is automatically evaluated by the device for communication capabilities. From a programming point of view, the signal network strength is provided in Android platform as ASU (Arbitrary Strength Unit) levels. The ASU level is an integer in the [0, 31] range (5 bit discretization) directly related to the Received Signal Strength Indicator-RSSI for GSM network (2G). For UMTS (3G) the same android API reports the level index of CPICH-RSCP (Common Pilot Channel – Received Signal Code Power) defined in TS 25.125. In the UMTS cellular communication system, received signal code power (RSCP) denotes the power measured by a receiver on a particular physical communication channel. It is used as an indication of signal strength. Reporting this information in the more common measuring unit (dBm) as indicated by ETSI.

INTRODUCTION Phone communication is the most basic and important function of mobile phone, for any mobile phone, the functions of SMS and call are indispensable. Android is an important engine for the rapid development of smart phone and is one of the most important operating systems for smart phone. Android has become the leading market leader in the global smart phone market with a market share of more than 70%[1] , it is of great significance to realize the research of mobile phone communication based on Android operating system. For a long time, JAVA is the main language for Android application development, Android application development mainly uses the JAVA language and the implementation of communication function of the Android phone is mainly using JAVA. It should be seen that using JAVA to develop Android application has many advantages, such as fast development and low occupancy resources, but this is unfortunate for other scripting languages. In the current the number of scripting languages is large, including PHP, Perl, Ruby, JavaScript, Python, etc. These scripting languages have features such as fast development and low learning cost. Developers have been trying to realize the communication between scripting languages and develop Android through other scripting languages. The emergence of SL4A make this wish come true. SL4A [1-3],[5],[6], originally called Android Scripting Environment(ASE), is an Android application component. Its aim is to utilize simply scripting languages such as Ruby, Python, Perl, PHP, JavaScript, etc to develop Android application and make Android application development more simply and quickly, it realize the communication between different scripting language and development Android applications using the different script development language. It has important significance for the evolution of Android phones. PFA [4] is abbreviation of PHP for Android, With the emergence of PFA, it is implemented to develop Android application using PHP scripts. PFA is an open source project launched by Irontec, which using the Android interface API provided by SL4A to implement Android development. With the PFA, linking PHP scripts to Android, PHP scripts can be easily developed for Android application, which will make Android application development easier and faster. Developers are increasingly trying to implement mobile phone communication based on Android operating system using PHP scripts. Mobile phone communication features include SMS, Call, ServiceState and DataConnection. In this paper, we propose a method based on SL4A and PHP scripts to realize mobile phone communication and simulate implementation the function of SMS and call. This paper is organized as follows. SL4A architecture is discussed in section II. Development environment configuration is given in section III. The Simulation experiment of SMS is given in section IV. The Simulation experiment of call is given in section V. Finally, section VI concludes the paper.

SL4A ARCHITECTURE SL4A is the scripting layer of Android, which is designed to develop Android applications with familiar scripting languages. SL4A has ability to support high-level scripting language such as Python, Perl, JRuby, Lua,BeanShell, PHP,JavaScript, Tel, shell and so on. The SL4A architecture and the process that a scripting file named myscript.py is to access Android service are shown in figure 1. As shown in figure 1, the SL4A system is composed of SL4A RPC Server components and script engines supported by SL4A .The script engines are responsible for the interpretation of the script application, The SL4A RPC Server component provides the Android primary ecosystem services to the scripts. The working principle of SL4A is based on JSON-RPC remote call, scripting application interacts with remote agent “SL4A RPC Server “via local script interpreters to access indirectly Android service in remote agent pattern . Firstly function calls of the local scripting, encapsulated in the JSON data format, are passed to SL4A RPC Server components by Scripting interpreters. After this SL4A RPC Server components call the Android functions in practice. Finally the operation results are returned to the local scripting interpreter, and then the results are put forward to scripting application for processing and displaying by the scripting interpreter.

INTRODUCTION Today’s age is the world of technologies, where lots of inventions and discoveries have made everyone to rely on the use of latest technology. Knowingly or unknowingly we are taking the benefit of the technology. Today one can share information with others using the communication technology. One can know what is happening in different parts of the world within a click. It is possible due to the development in the internet services through which one can share the information with the rest of the world. Internet has brought revolution in the field of communication. One can use internet for various purposes depending upon the nature of work. But the main uses of the internet in these days are sharing of information. The main application of internet is web services where internet plays an important role. Another useful development in the technology is the mobile devices. The use of mobile devices is increasing dayby-day. Many improvements have been made, such as faster processors and better battery life, have enabled notebooks and smartphones to become powerful devices, giving us the ability to completely change the way we work. Today’s mobile devices not only comes with the feature of voice communication and sending/receiving messages but also has the features of Internet, Bluetooth, Image capturing, Video recording, GPS facilities and so on. Various smart phones are available in the market, namely Samsung, HTC, Motorola, Apple iPhone, Android, Blackberry products and so on. Among them, Android has been gaining popularity and its market share in the mobile operating system market is rapidly increasing. According to Gartner (2010) [1], Android is poised to become second worldwide mobile operating system in the nearer future. Using the technology – smart phone and internet, people are sharing information to other people but they are not sure if their information is securely transmitted or not. This paper deals with secure transmission of information with each other. The main drawbacks with the existing android-based location and message sharing systems are as follows: 1) No centralized database due to which there is a problem in management of data, portability problem, updates as well as backup problems etc. 2) Most of the location based social network asks to input the personal information. All the messages are displayed on the screen which has failed to protect the privacy of information. 3) Lack of server centric privacy control method. No security has been maintained during transfer of information between server and device. 4) Most of the application that are based on GPS technology are storing location in their built in database and are unable to use it externally so that it is difficult to trace the current location of the people where they are. The main objective of this paper, on the highest level, is to communicate with a PHP server that stores the information sent through the android device in encrypted form and vice-versa which finally establish a secure two way communication between android device and web server. The main highlight of our work is listed below: 1) Connect with the external database MySQL to maintain a centralized database. For achieving this goal, we will use JSON as an intermediary to send the data from android device and PHP to insert that value to the external database MySQL. 2) Interact with the webserver and maintaining security while sharing location and message. For achieving this goal, we will use two approaches, the information sent by the android application is first stored in a database in encrypted form using JSON and PHP as intermediary and decrypt data while extracting from database. And similar process is followed while sending information from webserver to device. All the data are encrypted while sending and key is needed to decrypt this data before reading from the database. INTRODUCTION Today’s age is the world of technologies, where lots of inventions and discoveries have made everyone to rely on the use of latest technology. Knowingly or unknowingly we are taking the benefit of the technology. Today one can share information with others using the communication technology. One can know what is happening in different parts of the world within a click. It is possible due to the development in the internet services through which one can share the information with the rest of the world. Internet has brought revolution in the field of communication. One can use internet for various purposes depending upon the nature of work. But the main uses of the internet in these days are sharing of information. The main application of internet is web services where internet plays an important role. Another useful development in the technology is the mobile devices. The use of mobile devices is increasing dayby-day. Many improvements have been made, such as faster processors and better battery life, have enabled notebooks and smartphones to become powerful devices, giving us the ability to completely change the way we work. Today’s mobile devices not only comes with the feature of voice communication and sending/receiving messages but also has the features of Internet, Bluetooth, Image capturing, Video recording, GPS facilities and so on. Various smart phones are available in the market, namely Samsung, HTC, Motorola, Apple iPhone, Android, Blackberry products and so on. Among them, Android has been gaining popularity and its market share in the mobile operating system market is rapidly increasing. According to Gartner (2010) [1], Android is poised to become second worldwide mobile operating system in the nearer future. Using the technology – smart phone and internet, people are sharing information to other people but they are not sure if their information is securely transmitted or not. This paper deals with secure transmission of information with each other. The main drawbacks with the existing android-based location and message sharing systems are as follows: 1) No centralized database due to which there is a problem in management of data, portability problem, updates as well as backup problems etc. 2) Most of the location based social network asks to input the personal information. All the messages are displayed on the screen which has failed to protect the privacy of information. 3) Lack of server centric privacy control method. No security has been maintained during transfer of information between server and device. 4) Most of the application that are based on GPS technology are storing location in their built in database and are unable to use it externally so that it is difficult to trace the current location of the people where they are. The main objective of this paper, on the highest level, is to communicate with a PHP server that stores the information sent through the android device in encrypted form and vice-versa which finally establish a secure two way communication between android device and web server.

The main highlight of our work is listed below:

1) Connect with the external database MySQL to maintain a centralized database. For achieving this goal, we will use JSON as an intermediary to send the data from android device and PHP to insert that value to the external database MySQL.

2) Interact with the webserver and maintaining security while sharing location and message. For achieving this goal, we will use two approaches, the information sent by the android application is first stored in a database in encrypted form using JSON and PHP as intermediary and decrypt data while extracting from database. And similar process is followed while sending information from webserver to device. All the data are encrypted while sending and key is needed to decrypt this data before reading from the database.

3) To find the current location, trace the path and track the people. For achieving this goal, current location is obtained from GPS enabled android device and is sent to webserver and webserver will display location position and path on the web using the feature of Google Map.

This paper is organized as follows: section II introduces some background, including Android Platform, PHP and MySQL, JSON and some security measures taken during location and message sharing, section III describes related works, section IV illustrates the design and operation of ALMSS, experiments are performed on section V, section VI finally draws the conclusion and future works.

INTRODUCTION While normal source code (also as known as production code) implement the behavior of a software, its build system (including build tools and build code such as makefiles) derives the executable software from its production source code. In development of large software systems, the complexity of source code often make the build system also complex, and the building process can be time-consuming (in some cases over one hour) even using a high-performance and multi-core computer. This is absolutely not acceptable in large development projects with a high number of code revisions and builds per day. Moreover, the study of McIntosh et al. [7] shows that the build code accounts actually changes in a comparable frequency along the evolution of source code. Among these changes, even a subtle error in the build code may cause serious defects in the built software or even build failures. Therefore, McIntosh claimed that source code development and testing are significantly influenced by build maintenance although build code usually accounts for a small proportion of a software project. In order to maintain and optimize the build system, a critical step is to extract and understand the build dependency structure in the build process. Theoretically, the build dependency structure contains two dimensions as illustrated in Fig. 1. On the one hand, the root build command triggers a flow of build actions that can further run atomic build jobs (e.g., compiling and linking). These build actions and jobs are invoked and executed in a tree structure (vertical in Fig. 1). On the other hand, the build jobs with different build tools indicate dependencies between input build artefacts and output build artefacts, which further constitute a dependency graph (horizontal in Fig. 1). In the recent years, the Android operation system has been widely used in both mobile consumer electronics as well as other industrial devices (e.g., in automotive and medical care). However, the Android code complexity has been increasing along its evolution history, which makes the building process more and more time-consuming [8] and sometimes also errorprone during development and maintenance. Although there was some endeavor in build dependency extraction and optimization [1][4], a generic and automated build analysis approach with tool support is still lacking. In this paper, we provide the following contributions: • Investigation of the source code and the build system of the Android operation system (i.e., Android 5 and 6). • An automated approach to extracting and visualizing the build dependency structure based on monitoring the build process, and then comparing the extracted build dependencies of one system with that of another system. • A case study of the build dependency analysis on both the Android 5 and Android 6 respectively as well as their comparison. This paper is presented in the following structure. Section II presents the example Android system and its characteristics. Section III introduces the build dependency analysis approach and its analysis results on the Android system. While Section IV discusses related work, Section V presents conclusions and future work at the end.

(vertical in Fig. 1). On the other hand, the build jobs with different build tools indicate dependencies between input build artefacts and output build artefacts, which further constitute a dependency graph (horizontal in Fig. 1). In the recent years, the Android operation system has been widely used in both mobile consumer electronics as well as other industrial devices (e.g., in automotive and medical care). However, the Android code complexity has been increasing along its evolution history, which makes the building process more and more time-consuming [8] and sometimes also errorprone during development and maintenance. Although there was some endeavor in build dependency extraction and optimization [1][4], a generic and automated build analysis approach with tool support is still lacking. In this paper, we provide the following contributions: • Investigation of the source code and the build system of the Android operation system (i.e., Android 5 and 6). • An automated approach to extracting and visualizing the build dependency structure based on monitoring the build process, and then comparing the extracted build dependencies of one system with that of another system. • A case study of the build dependency analysis on both the Android 5 and Android 6 respectively as well as their comparison. This paper is presented in the following structure. Section II presents the example Android system and its characteristics. Section III introduces the build dependency analysis approach and its analysis results on the Android system. While Section IV discusses related work, Section V presents conclusions and future work at the end.

INTRODUCTION The increasing popularity of smart phones and hand held devices has led to an increase in the time consumers spend on online search. According to a recent research by Google India “Mobile phones are becoming a key contributor in the online traveling space. With travel becoming cheap and affordable, the number of travelers and their frequency of travelling in India are increasing continuously. This web application is an online service for touring Incredible India. The main objective of this paper is when users are on the move, it is able to provide rich and concise information timely and make them access to the service at anytime and anywhere. It is aimed at providing information about important places of interest. Not only can visitors read and know more about these places, they can also see their relative positioning on Google maps and experience the beauty of India. It also suggests travel plans based on users preferences. To make touring more exciting visitors can also share their experiences through the forums on the web site. ­ This project, Travel Portal use android programming language. Android programming language is Android software development, the process by which new applications are created for the android operating system.

II. BACKGROUND A. Android Android is an open source and Linux-based Operating System for mobile devices such as smart phones and tablet computers. Android was developed by the Open Handset Alliance, led by Google, and other companies. Android offers a unified approach to application development for mobile devices which means developers need only develop for Android, and their applications should be able to run on different devices powered by Android. The IDE used for development of this application is android studio which is freely available under the Apache License 2.0. This application use Android 5.1 APIs (API level :22) which is an update to the Lollipop release that offers new features for users and app developers[3]. B. Global Positioning system (GPS) GPS is a space-based satellite navigation system The GPS system concept is based on time. GPS satellites transmit data continuously which contains their current time and position. This web application uses GPS to find the current location of the user and to locate all the places where the user wants to visit. The operating mode that we have used is a twodimensional GPS that includes two horizontal coordinates (longitude, latitude). It requires minimum of three visible satellites [4]. C. Google Maps API Google Maps is a Web-based service providing detailed information about geographical regions and sites around the world. The Google Maps application program interface (API) makes it possible for Website administrators to embed Google Maps into a proprietary site such as a real estate guide or community service page[4,5]. D. Google Places API The Google Places API Web Service allows to query for place information, such as: establishments, prominent points of interest, geographic locations, and more. A Place Search returns a list of places along with summary information about each place. It returns information about places — defined within the API as establishments, geographic locations, or prominent points of interest — using HTTP requests[5].

EXISTING WORK Some online social travel networking websites are TravBuddy.com, Travellerpoint.com, TripAdvisor.com, Lonely Planet.com etc. A. TripAdvisor TripAdvisor is an American online social travel networking website. TripAdvisor was the platform studied to gain deeper understanding about the way hotels, tourists and residents of a given destination are changing the tourism online marketplace. This website tripadvisor.com was designed to run within iOS, watchOS, Android, Windows, Windows Phone. Presently TripAdvisor contains 10 million travel reviews and opinions and written by 5 million registered members and count 25 million visitors per month. In TripAdvisor most information posted is autonomously generated by its users. They post reviews, comments and ratings on a destination, a hotel, an attraction or any other tourism related ‘object’ or service.

B. LONELY PLANET Travel media company Lonely Planet announced the release of guides on iOS and Android. The city guide app was designed to help users plan trips and learn about worldwide destinations, and has launched with content covering 38 cities, including London, New York, Paris and Rome. The guide app includes an average of 1,000 points of interest for each city, and allows users to download individual city guides and access offline maps for these locations [8].

INTRODUCTION Paraplegia is bilateral paralysis of the lower body including the two legs. It is commonly resulting from the Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) which communication between brain and the other part of body is blocked or loss. Messages below the level of injury are unable to pass damage in the spinal cord. A. Ibrahim reported that the major cause resulting in SCI in Hospital Kuala Lumpur in between 2006 to 2009, motor vehicles accidents contribute 66% and falls 28% [1]. In a study out of 670 motor vehicle occupant fatalities in Malaysia, 176 (26.3%) cases suffered spine injury. Motorcyclist are particularly vulnerable as the helmet only protect the head but not the neck and spine [2]. Figure 1 shows the depiction of a catapulting injury to a motorcyclist. Based on the study conducted by Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, there were 292 patients suffering SCI from 2006 to 2009. The number increase every year. Reported that 63% of them subsequently became paraplegic (individuals who are suffering Paraplegia) and 37 % became tetraplegic (individuals who are suffering Tetraplegia) [1]. Tetraplegia or as known as Quadriplegia is a cervical (neck) injuries. Tetraplegic resulting in four limbs (both arms and legs) which are neck-down to paralyzed. Meanwhile, paraplegic resulting only in lower body (both legs) to paralyzed [3].

Most of the paraplegics wish to be able to walk normally again. It is important for a paraplegic to perform a regular range of motion exercise program. Lack of exercise can result in increased muscle spasms and increase the chances of developing pressure sores. Failure to exercise on a regular basis can cause joints, muscles, ligaments and tendons to stiffen. If parts of the body stiffen, it will impact the ability to sit and maintain body posture. In some critical cases, it leads to urinary failure or completely paralyzed [4, 5]. Thus, the leg orthosis instrument is introduced to help the paraplegic to perform regular exercise. Based on Dorland’s Medical Dictionary for Health Consumers 2007, orthosis is an orthopedic appliance or apparatus used to support, align, prevent and correct deformities or to improve function of movable parts of the body [6] . The leg orthosis instrument are largely electrical assembled. Based on the previous study, the doctors have increasingly come to realize the importance of exercise for people with paralysis. It is important to get immobile limbs to move [7]. Evaluation of performance for the leg orthosis had been made and it is proven to solve problems of paraplegic patients however the previous development of the leg orthosis is controlled manually where the leg orthosis will swing up and down by controlling on-off of the power button. Therefore during rehabilitation treatment plans, the physiotherapist (a specialist in physical rehabilitation and exercise) must always alongside with the paraplegic patient to control the on-off power button and monitored the result of the treatment. There are important parameters that doctor, physiotherapist and medical doctor need to monitor during the exercise period however this information is difficult to be available for the doctors. Therefore this project continues with the development of the control system and monitoring platform for leg orthosis by using Android application. This study mainly focuses on the development of a userfriendly control and monitoring system for leg exercise using leg orthosis. The motorized leg orthosis will be controlled using Android device which is connected wirelessly to the exercise system. The patient’s pulse rate, date and time will be shown on the android device during the exercise session. The data of the previous exercise sessions also can be stored together with other patient’s information. These information are important data needed by the doctor during rehabilitation plans. Android is the world’s most commonly used smartphone platform and it is used by many different smartphone manufacturers. Besides that, the price gap between iOS and Android smartphones is widening. The price of iOS smartphones are double the price of standard Android smartphones. This user-friendly system is design to accommodate paraplegic at a reasonable cost.

 Coverage criteria [5, 4] are indispensable in evaluating the adequacy of testing effort and progress of real-world software projects. On one hand, there are many traditional coverage criteria, including line coverage, branch coverage, data-flow coverage, method coverage, for white-box testing when the source code are available. On the other hand, there are also coverage criteria, defined on the system or module interfaces, for black-box testing. An empirical study [3] observed that coverage-based techniques are also effective in detecting software faults. Recently, the booming of Android app market in the cloud has prompted many small teams and individuals to adventure in this market. We present a coverage analysis tool, called Android Black-box Coverage Analyzer (ABCA), that does not need the source code of the apps under test (AUT) but can still provide source code level coverage data. ABCA can thus be beneficial in the following two aspects. • Clients need protect their intellectual properties (IP) and would be reluctant to release the source code of their applications to the test service providers. In this aspect, ABCA could be a useful bridge between the clients and the test service providers and could eventually promote the test service industry to the mobile application developers. • ABCA makes it possible for the test service providers to gain business without leaving concerns of IP infringement to their potential clients. As a research project, ABCA also shows the solution techniques for collecting source code coverage data without access to the program source code. With the detailed coverage data, ABCA can also help diagnosing why some parts of the code cannot be reached or identifying those code segments related to certain bug traces. Academia can also use ABCA in researching coverage-based techniques for Android apps. To the best of our knowledge, the only coverage tool similar to ABCA and available to the public for Android apps is by Horváthy, Bognáry, Gergely, et al [1]. However their tool can only report coverage on the methods. In contrast, ABCA can report detailed coverage reports on lines, methods, and classes of the source code of the execution of Android APKs. ABCA runs on Microsoft Windows on PC and connects to Android devices via a USB line. It consists of two parts. • ABCA-instrumentor (ABCAI), that instruments the byte-code of an Android Application Package (APK) so that coverage data can be collected out of the execution of the APK. • ABCA-reporter (ABCAR), that monitors the execution of the instrumented APK and collects the coverage data from the APK to compile the final coverage report. In Figure 1, we show a typical sequence diagram of the activities in using ABCA. The sequence diagram shows the following steps in sequence. 1) A test engineer first gets the APK under test (AUT) in bytecode from her client. 2) Then the test engineer can use ABCAI to instrument the APK to include bytecodes for providing coverage data. 3) The test engineer connects the Android device to the PC and with the help of ABCAR, install the instrumented APK to the Android device via the USB line. At this step, the test engineer can also use option of ABCAR to import a coverage report from a previous test session. With this option, the test engineer can continue test sessions and accumulate test coverage across test sessions in a testing project. 4) Then the test engineer starts the instrumented APK with ABCAR. 5) The test engineer then feeds test input to the AUT on the device and the coverage data is collected by ABCAR via the USB line. This step can be repeated several times until the user decides to stop the test session. Various test case generation modules and tools can also be employed for high coverage and bug exposure. 6) After the test session is done, ABCAR generates a coverage report file. At the moment, the coverage report includes line coverage, method coverage, and class coverage. In this manuscript, we shall present the algorithms and techniques used in ABCA in section 2. We also explain some technical issues in our implementation in section 3. Then we report experiment of ABCA with several Android apps in the Google Play in section 4. Via the experiment, we can see that ABCA is effective in generating white-box coverage data without source code of the apps of Android.

INTRODUCTION With the convergence of traditional computers and mobile telephony, the new smart devices capable of running customized applications have been on the rise. These smart devices uses Android (the first comprehensive open source operating system) equipped with Dalvik virtual machine and Linux kernel. It is a platform that allows developers to develop and design applications which can turn simple cell phones into smart phones. Usually, people use their smart phones for social networking, business activities and various other purposes. There is a need for educational establishments to embrace this new mode of information dissemination. The developed system is going to help the students to locate their class rooms and staff according to the time table. Global Positioning System (GPS) and Google Maps is also integrated with CSLA which help users to follow the exact path to reach their desired destination.

LITERATURE REVIEW In year 2011, A Gomez-Goiri et al., proposed an application that reduces mobility of disabled person in supermarket as it maps all the products with the supermarket map [1]. In the year 2014, Karan Punjabi et al., proposed a bus locator via Short Message Service (SMS) android application which automates all aspects related to college bus arrival. It uses GPS receiver to get the current location of the Bus and SMS to inform the registered students when bus is near their destination [2]. In the year 2012, Diego Gargallo Tarin developed an application ‘UJI Smart Campus: the Place Finder’ which allows users to locate people and place in the campus. The application provides a base map with every room that locates rooms and connects peoples and displays them on a map [3]. In 2013, M.F.A Abdullah et al., presented a paper which proposed application ‘GPS and SMS based child tracking system’. It uses GPS and SMS based services that help parents to track children, parents need to send SMS to child phone to get his location [4]. In year 2012, Yizheng Liao et al., in his paper presents a library automation application that uses image processing algorithm to search for book in the library[5]. In year 2012, Michael Austin et al., in his paper proposed navigational instructions for locations on the campus of ‘Elizabeth City State University’, it uses GPS to get the location and tell the way to be followed to reach destination in university [6]. In year 2012, Birhanu Hailemariam developed an application ‘Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI) based indoor localization system’ that uses existing wireless facility to locate a target object in indoor environment. The sensor reading used for the location estimation is the RSSI measured from the Access Points (APs) [7].

PROBLEM FORMULATION GNDEC face the challenging task of locating class rooms according to the new time table with the fall of new semester. They have to manually write schedule for their class rooms which is time consuming. Departments put up notices on the notice board for time tables. Students need to view map of the campus to locate class rooms. In manual system single class room can be allocated to more than one class simultaneously. Drawbacks of the manual system can be overcome by the CSLA. The application can be easily accessed by the user at any time.

INTRODUCTION The growth of mobile phone technology has revolutionized the whole world. As the number of users is increasing day by day, facilities are also increasing [16]. The increase in the usage of phone had made a drastic change in environment. [17]. Now mobiles are not used just for making calls, but instead they have innumerable uses as a Camera, Music player, Tablet PC, TV, and Web browser, Android operating system (OS) is mainly introduced with lot of advancement and its diverged features to make human life easier. The most widely used mobile OS on these days is Android [17] which plays a vital role in today’s market. The detection of the malicious application (malapps) out of the application (app) markets is an ongoing challenge. One of the key points of Android security mechanisms is permission control that restricts the access of applications (apps) to core facilities of devices [1]. Android forces apps to declare the permissions they require when they install them. The users can guard our privacy and security, by paying attention to android app permissions when installing those apps, where many users unaware about the permissions. The app declares its permissions when it is installed. In general, these permissions access cannot be controlled. The app displays what the requirements are and whether we need to accept or reject it. Permissions are abundant in the model. The problem is that most android users have no idea about the proper installation of an app. Many users, failed to read the [EULA] End User License Agreement in which think its a matter to quickly tap through when installing apps [9]. To protect against malware the android platform presents an application environment that ensuring the security to users and all developers. Hence, to securing an open platform the system is designed with these robust security architectures and rigorous security programs.

RELATED WORK On a recent survey [17], as reported on Wikipedia, the Google play store has nearly 1billion application where the increase in usage of android apps increases day by day. The android is open source were the people getting moved to the application. The android operating system and its apps play a vital role in the today’s world .So the focal target is towards attacking them. The threat has caused great rise in the malware1 , chargeware2 , and adware3 [7]. So, various analyses and research have been made to find better results on the malware detection and new technique involving the higher detection rate and accuracy. The main issue is when concerned with android its security, apparently the main cause is the malware. Earlier the malware detection was through a system call request in which based on only on request, where internal behavior is not analyzed. In terms of static it is based on privilege escalation attacks detection and prevention of attacks [14]. It includes various methodologies comprising the Component-based permission escalation, Application-level privilege escalation attack. In another work, a framework for segregation of software in android platform with application of security [8].MOSES represented as MOde-of-uses SEparation in Smartphones, where the android level semantics filtrations of irrelevant behaviors are done. On considering the dynamic analysis the work of the malware detection is based on Copper Droid where analyzing the android level semantics, characterizing the general behavior [13] .But it has certain limitation where the behaviors of android are not analyzed. Next Taint Droid based on android level semantics and filtering of the irrelevant behaviors [11]. Taint Droid is alerting the information leakage of unintended data to intended data. Profile Droid based on behaviors of the system and focus on the android level semantics [10]. Droid Scope focused on the android level semantics, analyzing the internal behaviors [15].

PROPOSED WORK In considering upon an installation of the app, permissions play a key role in it. Many users are unaware of installation permission where the users of ignorant to the malicious threats. Lots of unnecessary permission leaks to the unauthorized users where leading a malicious activity. Thus the proposed work is introduced in order to minimize the risk permission which preventing the privacy data to be leaked.