Android is an operating system that is built basically for Mobile phones. It is based on the Linux Kernel and other open-source software and is developed by Google. It is used for touchscreen mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets. But nowadays these are used in Android Auto cars, TV, watches, camera, etc. It has been one of the best-selling OS for smartphones. Android OS was developed by Android Inc. which Google bought in 2005. Various applications (apps) like games, music player, camera, etc. are built for these smartphones for running on Android. Google Play store features more than 3.3 million apps. The app is developed on an application known as Android Studio.
The App components are the building blocks of Android. Each component has its own role and life cycles i.e from launching of an app till the end. Some of these components depend upon others also. Each component has a definite purpose. The four major app components are:
Activities: It deals with the UI and the user interactions to the screen. In other words, it is a User Interface that contains activities. These can be one or more depending upon the App. It starts when the application is launched. At least one activity is always present which is known as MainActivity.
So before working on real-world projects, it is suggested to create some sample projects in android studio and get a taste of project creation as well as execution. Here, you will find the 100+ Android Project Ideas with source code and stepwise explanation.
ne of the best ideas to start experimenting you hands-on Android projects for students is working on Android based Function Generator. This Android-based function generator features an output range of audio frequency signals around 20Hz-20,000Hz emitted through the audio port of mobile phones (usually, 3.5mm audio jack). The functions available on the Android-based function generator include sinewave, square-wave, triangular-wave, and sawtooth-wave, all within the 20Hz to 20,000Hz range. To test the signals generated by this function generator, you can use a digital storage oscilloscope (DSO) and Windows PC-based CRO software . Lastest MCA Projects Topics Titles Ideas 2022 2023
You can amplify the signals using an amplifier if you want to interface the function generator with other external devices. However, you must ensure that you use an appropriate protection circuit to avoid damaging your mobile device.
A course management system such as Blackboard, Moodle is a set of tools for the online delivery of (some) course content. Many academic institutions, including UBC, have found a CMS to be a mission critical application, commanding high usage, and demanding high availability. Students benefit from having a set of online notes, tutorials, and other Web-based resources. Some faculty members, however, question the pedagogical value of CMSs, and wonder if the investment of faculty time and money might be better spent in other ways to improve teaching and learning. Increasingly, students demand access to course materials and instructor/TA support on a roundthe-clock basis. Online Course Management System What is not always apparent is the amount of instructor time needed to produce the CMS content, and to support the online environment. Academic/staff support is often inadequate, as reduced budgets and increased workloads take their toll on those individuals as well.
Existing System
Course management systems (for example, Canvas, Blackboard, etc.) are web‐based software systems that support teaching and learning in face‐to‐face as well as online environments. Faculty members directly manage their course content in course management systems. These guidelines relate only to copyright issues.
DISADVANTAGES:
Materials posted must be in the legal possession of the Library, faculty member, or the institution; or legally obtained, and must be used solely for non-profit, educational purposes. It is preferable to link to materials already legally available rather than photocopying or scanning and posting a digital copy.
All scans or reproductions posted should represent a small portion of the whole copyrighted work. Library staff (see below) can offer guidance about the appropriate proportion to use. Complete works (such as a whole book, whole album of music, or whole journal issue) should not be posted without permission.
Proposed System
On entering specified URL, it opens the screen with menus – Home page, About Us, Contact, User Manual, and School Registration.Administrator or authorized person from the school will go for ‘School Registration’ and on registration; it generates user name and password and send to user through SMS and Email. User will have to log in through this user name and password for attendance. Links will be provided to the user as per requirement.
Download and then upload the Excel sheet where student’s details would be filled in specified format. Students will be registered in bulk.Master entries such as country master, state master, city master, holiday master, class master, and division master will be done.
Faculty registration will be done. On registration, username and password will be generated and will also be sent through SMS and Email. Subjects will be allotted to faculties. Also, classes will be allotted to the faculties.After all the detailing, it starts attendance marking. For the Sundays and defined holidays, relevant message will be displayed. Mark the attendance by click of mouse for each student. Go on clicking till user gets the desired status.
ADVANTAGES:
User Friendly: User interface is very easy. Data storing and recovery is fast and secured. In addition, application is provided with graphical representation for easier interpretation and analysis.
Reports are easily generated: Various reports such as Student wise attendance, Day wise attendance, Class wise attendance, Month Wise Class Attendance etc can be easily generated. Current and back-dated reports can be available instantly.No paperwork and no risk of errors which can be occurred while marking the attendance manually.
Employee Management System will manage the whole company Employee details like their Department details, salary details, leave details.Employee management system, if a particular Employees salary is done then a message will be sent to his cell. Even if the employee takes a leave then the software will deduct a one day leave from his casual or sick leave. When the employee opens system, the attendance will be marked automatically using this software. Employee can also submit his leave in the software, if the employee needs leave for few days. Even the admin has the right to view everyone’s information. Admin can increment the employee’s salary using this software. Employee can view their salary details, attendance, leave details and his personal information.The system is viewed as a whole and the input to the system are identified. The outputs from the organizations are traced to the various processes. System analysis is concerned with becoming aware of the problem, identifying the relevant and decisional variables, analyzing and synthesizing the various factors and determining an optimal or at least a satisfactory solution or program of action.
Employee Management System
Existing System
Existing system refers to the system that is being followed till now. The existing system requires more computational time, more manual calculations, and the complexity involved in Selection of features is high. The other disadvantages are lack of security of data, Deficiency of Data accuracy, Time consuming etc. To avoid all these limitations and make the working more accurately the system needs to be computerized. Here in the Electronic bus ticketing, a detailed study of existing system is carried along with all the steps in system analysis.
DISADVANTAGES
The Employee Management System, a detailed study of existing system is carried along with all the steps in system analysis. An idea for creating a better project was carried and the next steps were followed.
Lack of security of data.
More man power.
Time consuming.
Consumes large volume of pare work.
Needs manual calculations.
No direct role for the higher officials.
Damage of machines due to lack of attention.
To avoid all these limitations and make the working more accurately the system needs to be computerized.
Proposed System
The aim of proposed system is to develop a system of improved facilities. The proposed system can overcome all the limitations of the existing system. The system provides proper security and reduces the manual work. The existing system has several disadvantages and many more difficulties to work well. The proposed system tries to eliminate or reduce these difficulties up to some extent. The proposed system will help the user to reduce the workload and mental conflict. The proposed system helps the user to work user friendly and he can easily do his jobs without time lagging.
College Management System are many matters regarding the college that need to be maintained through the online method with the help of some application. The activities, student details and many matters like this can be better managed by the applications which are capable in doing this task. The college management system application will allow the authorities of the college management to reduce the pen paper work which is a tedious job. College Management System The admission details, students and faculty’s information, feedback system performance of the students, reviews of the particular colleges, suggestions that can be given in some matters needed for improvement can all be dealt easily using the college management system application
Existing System
College event management is the application to manage and development of festivals, events and conferences. Proposed work involves study of identifying the target of budget, cost, and analysis. Post event analysis and ensuring a return on investment have become significant drivers for the event industry. This is an online event management system, software project that serves the functionality of an event manager. The project provides most of the basic functionality required for an event.
DISADVANTAGES
It allows the user to select from list of event types. College Management System is very helpful for events. This application being as a platform to know the events, to apply for the events. Event organizer is an application under project management for managing festivals or social events like gathering, colleges, events, conferences etc. To understand use of this application consider the flow of actions happening, by this application user can register the students, after registering, user can login, after login, event details including name ,contact, address, venue of the event, date, event conducting time, cost of events etc. After receiving SMS student can register through application.
Proposed System
The college management system application is one of the interesting and useful projects that the final year students can work on. There can be separate login id and the password for the students and the higher authorities of the college. This application can also include the feedback system that can be obtained from the students and the faculties for the further improvement of the system in the colleges. The application must be having a strong back end system to store all the database of the college. This application will help in smooth running of the college management.
College Management System are many matters regarding the college that need to be maintained through the online method with the help of some application. The activities, student details and many matters like this can be better managed by the applications which are capable in doing this task. The college management system application will allow the authorities of the college management to reduce the pen paper work which is a tedious job. College Management System The admission details, students and faculty’s information, feedback system performance of the students, reviews of the particular colleges, suggestions that can be given in some matters needed for improvement can all be dealt easily using the college management system application.
Existing System
College event management is the application to manage and development of festivals, events and conferences. Proposed work involves study of identifying the target of budget, cost, and analysis. Post event analysis and ensuring a return on investment have become significant drivers for the event industry. This is an online event management system, software project that serves the functionality of an event manager. The project provides most of the basic functionality required for an event.
DISADVANTAGES
It allows the user to select from list of event types. College Management System is very helpful for events. This application being as a platform to know the events, to apply for the events. Event organizer is an application under project management for managing festivals or social events like gathering, colleges, events, conferences etc. To understand use of this application consider the flow of actions happening, by this application user can register the students, after registering, user can login, after login, event details including name ,contact, address, venue of the event, date, event conducting time, cost of events etc. After receiving SMS student can register through application.
Proposed System
The college management system application is one of the interesting and useful projects that the final year students can work on. There can be separate login id and the password for the students and the higher authorities of the college. This application can also include the feedback system that can be obtained from the students and the faculties for the further improvement of the system in the colleges. The application must be having a strong back end system to store all the database of the college. This application will help in smooth running of the college management.
Advanced traveler information systems are one component of intelligent transportation systems, and a major component is travel time information. Prediction Model have been adopted by many transit agencies for tracking their vehicles and predicting travel time in real time. It is a very important subject to improve the precision and reliability of the prediction model which can attract additional ridership, reduce passengers’ anxieties and waiting times at bus stop, and increase their satisfaction. Furthermore, it can promote the development of city public transportation. This paper presents an improved approach to predict the public bus arrival time based on location. After analyzing the components of bus arrival time systematically, the bus arrival time and dwell time at previous stops are chosen as the main input variables of the prediction model. At first, the algorithm of data interpolation and processing is designed to get the real-time of bus arrival as the input variables of the prediction models. Secondly, the statistical model is obtained based on the filtering the location, bus route and date of each bus respectively. Thirdly, a hybrid prediction model is proposed to predict the bus arrival time. Ebus Location Tracking System The results show that the improved model out performs the historical data based model in terms of prediction accuracy.
Existing System & Disadvantage
Location of the bus is not known, thus we need to ask the bus information for respective persons.
Long time waiting for the bus.
Chances of missing bus.
PROPOSED SYSTEM & Advantages.
We are expecting to find the location of the bus and let the users know the location.
so that one can manage their time efficiently and reach their stop just before the bus arrives or take an alternate means of transport if they miss the bus or they are running late.
The Bus Management System is designed for both online and offline users to check the bus information and can search for anybus location by filtering source and destination location using android application. The new system is to control the following information; bus information, available time, and stopping points, so passengers can reach the bus stop at correct time instead waiting for long time. This application are to be provided in an efficient, cost effective manner, with the goal of reducing the time of passengers.
User Interfaces
The application will have a user friendly and filter based interface. The following screens will be provided.
Login Screen for user to provide user email and password.
Register Screen for creating new account, who do not have their account.
Home page will display list of menus to go with.
Each menu page will consists of filtering and searching bus information, about hotels, tourists spot, famous temples and about Mayiladuthurai.
This paper gives the idea about the working of Examination management System. This online examination management system project is developed for the Engineering student in order to view the timetable for allocate students in hall and attendance for hall wise and student wise. This project can also focus on for Examination and Hall Ticket. This project is a Mobile based application. The developed project or the software application allows the student to select their exam timetable online and view the seating arrangementfor the exam. In this project student can also generate there Hall Ticket by giving input such as Branch, year, semester, and Roll No of student. The developed system is evaluated using real data by prospective users of the system.
Exam Hall Ticket Management System
Existing System
It need employment as the human efforts.
In existing system hall ticket management works on manual process which is a time taking process and data organizing is not efficient.
Proposed System
The system based hall ticket management system.
Allows for faster service.
Allows increased accuracy.
Easy , user friendly GUI.
Module Description
Admin
The different menu options that the user have to choose from like
Creating the Hall
Create Student record & login
Update hall Ticket and student information
Inserting the new student in the class,
Edit details of the existing student in the class and
Deleting the records
System Features
This section gives a functional requirement that applicable to the exam hall and Attendance System.
Buy a Cake is a portal which allows admin in developing counters to advertise and sell their cake. This would permit rural communities to make their wares available to the rest of the world.
The objective of this project is to create a portal which would allow product information to be updated securely using a mobile device and will allow users to buy cake from the admin. The main concern is given to the village women’s to explore their talents and to enhance our traditional Indian culture. Cake Order Shopping Online – Android App
In future the internet become whole and soul to the business fields, each and every trades are going to be done through it so this portal may helpful to the women as a business person in this running world.
Existing Solution:
This system helps in enhancing our traditional handmade products to publish in the market.
The system helps buyers to search the product in their figure tips.
It provides the easy way to buy the product directly from the merchants without the interface of any third party.
It also helps the rural people to sell their products to the market and to earn money to improve their status.
Proposed Solution:
In the proposed system we tried to provide the high security than the existing system.
Try to make the rural people to feel to fill the description about their products.
We will provide friendlier environment than the existing one.
In the life of the software development, problem analysis provides a base for design and development phase. The problem is analyzed so that sufficient matter is provided to design a new system. Large problems are sub-divided into smaller once to make them understandable and easy for finding solutions. Same in this project all the task are sub-divided and categorized.
Online Movie Ticket Booking System is a mobile app to provide the users’ facility to book tickets for a show and to collect information regarding the films and theaters. Client has to register at the positioning to book tickets to the show. When choosing the show, the user is given a seating layout in order that he will choose seats of his selection. Online Movie Ticket Booking Project App Thenceforth he’s redirected to the payment entryway for creating a group action. User will update his profile, take a print out of the price tag and conjointly read his booking history. The most aim of the project is any user they can access the system through web site at any time while not planning to the corporate. As a replacement user conjointly he will collect all info like as movies out there, list of theatres.
Objectives
The main purpose of our online ticket booking system is to provide another way for the customer to buy cinema ticket. It is an automatic system.
After inserting the data to database, staff need not to due with the order receive through the system. In fact, there is similar system on the internet, but there is no refund method found in the existing system.
This system is basically aimed to provide the customer the complete information of the movie, according to which the customer can book the tickets and the refund facility provides more flexibility to the system.
The goals of our system are:
To provide a anytime anyplace service for the customer
To minimize the number of staff at the ticket box
To promote the film on the internet
To increase the profit
To obtain statistic information from the booking record
Nowadays customer experience is the most important factor affects the customer loyalty, especially in a mature market. Thus, a Complaint Process Platform (CPP) plays an important role in dealing with customer complaints; most of them are poor mobile coverage, frequent call drops and low speed on 4G. Usually, subscribes call service center directly and report issues to the agent. Many complaints can be resolved at this stage and no need to dispatch cases to the next level, a secondary agency that helps resolve complaints about telecom services. This paper introduces a method of kernel density estimation based on the locations of customer complaint by using kernel density function.
This method targets hot zones with poor mobile coverage automatically and precisely and generates handling strategies, in order to improve the success rate of customer complaint handling at the service center. The process of designing the CPP metrics for telecommunication services is also given.
A.Architecture Overview The architecture of complaint process platform providing the execution environment of kernel density estimation is showed in Figure 1. The platform is composed of multiple components including complaint handling, map API, kernel density estimation and OSS. The function of complaint handling includes complaint reporting, complaint diagnosis and complaint analysis. The complaint reporting module offers complaint summarization and reporting. When agents accept the customer complaint, this function could get the newest complaint case from each service center. The complaint diagnosis includes specific area diagnosis, reply recommendation and important dates listed for each improvement. When agents start to handle the trouble issues by the complaint diagnosis, a proper recommendation will be displayed on the screen after keying all complaint attribute and keyword. In addition, all neighbor hotspots may appear in the search list based on the location of the customer. The agents could easily read these hotspots to decide how to explain and apology to the customer. Complaint analyses reveal the quality of service center and generate statistic report monthly. The module of kernel density estimation is responsible for data classified and hotspots management. The data of configuration management (CM) and performance management (PM) are received from OSS. Based on primitive event log of the customer complaint, a new hotspot suggestion is generated by an analytic program using kernel density estimation. Code Shoppy
B.Hotspot Management Fig. 2 is the flow chart of hotspot management. In proposed solution, the QoE collectors collect data from OSS and filter out inconsistent data. Then, the platform retrieves the data of customer complaint and obtain coordinate by using APIs of the map application. Next, the extracted data will deal with kernel density function algorithm. If the process finds a new hotspot, the comparison information and recommendation could be automatically generated by each complaint classification. Based on the information of hotspot management, the service center can improve the success rate of customer complaint handling. However, the configuration of mobile network elements is usually deployed and updated very quickly. Thus, the hotspot management provides an integrated console to managing the data related to hotspots.
In [5], some of different kernel functions have been used in applications, such as normal distribution, quartic distribution, triangular distribution, uniform distribution and negative exponential. In proposed method, normal distribution is adopted and can be defined as [6] =−=NihdiijehKWjg122]21[)(22π (1) where )(jgis the density of grid cell j,ijdis the distance between grid cell jand event location i. The constant Kis initially set to 1 and his the standard deviation of the normal distribution (bandwidth). iW is a weight at the point location.
This function extends to infinity in all directions and can be applied to any location in the specific area. The kernel function can be expanded to two or three dimensional. Figure 3 shows a 2-dimensional normal distribution and is particularly appropriate for geographical data, such as customer complaint locations. The normal distribution produces estimation over the entire area and is good for suburban area whereas the distribution of customer complaint point is spared. According to the description in previous section, a method for specific area estimation is proposed and shows in figure 4. The first step is to generate square grids which are a small-sized geometrical shape. The event logs of customer complaint about each square grid are to be extracted from OSS. The summation of all events in each square grid is a weighting variable for the kernel density estimation. Next, the bandwidth of kernel function is to be defined. The bandwidth of the normal kernel function is the standard deviation of the normal distribution. In general, a narrower bandwidth interval leads to a higher resolution, which means picture shows lots of peaks and valleys. On the other hand, a larger bandwidth interval leads to a smoother distribution. Typically, the choice of bandwidth is depended on expert experience and extensive experimental results. In density calculation stage, absolute density estimate is used to generate the output surface. All occurred event logs in each square grid can obtain the estimation result. A two-dimensional normal distribution places over each of customer complaint point with the resulting density surface being a sum of all customer complaint individual surfaces. Next, a threshold can be defined to filter out some noise in the surface. The density surface can reveal the distribution of customer complaint events against the natural geography of the specific area, including the QoS of indoor coverage and high floor area. The result of estimation shows the real customer experience of the network over a period of time. Therefore, the hotspot management module integrates all CM and PM information to find out all possible hotspots. Based on analytic results of the proposed method, the best strategies for improving customer complaint handling process are generated.
When new base station installed to improve signal coverage nearby a hotspot, hotspot management module observes the number of customer complaints in next 12 weeks and updates the attribute of hotspot from High to Medium or Low. On the other hand, continuous monitoring and continuous auditing can enable management to achieve operational control objectives while removing or adjusting the configuration of a base station.
Many published studies [1] have shown that early and specialized pre-hospital management of emergency casescontributes to the patient’s survival. Especially in cases of serious head injuries, spinal cord or internal organs trauma, the way that injured persons are treated and transported is crucial. Most emergency cases are due to car crash accidents and to coronary artery diseases. Statistics for car accidents in USA and Europe prove that many thousands of people loose their lives and many more drivers or passengers are severely injured. Studies performed in Greece, a country with a very high death rate due to car crashes, proved that most of the fatalinjuries in accidents were injured far away from anycompetent healthcare institution, thus resulting in long response times.
Furthermore, in the London, UK, area half of the casualties require at least 2 hours to reach adequate hospital care, 79% of victims of accidents in rural roads dieon the scene, another 11% during transportation [2]. Some of these cases had a 50% chance of survival, if adequate pre-hospital care existed. Heart disease is another common example of high death rates in emergency cases, since two thirds of all patients die before reaching the central hospital. In a study performed in the UK [3] it is shown that among patients above 55 years old, who die from cardiac arrest, 91% do so outside a hospital unit, due to a lack of immediate treatment. Thecomponents of delay in administering the appropriate therapy [4] are: The patient’s failure to recognize the seriousness of his symptoms and seek emergency care, •Pre-hospital evaluation and transport time, •Time required for diagnosis and initiation of treatment in the hospital Also, many studies have proven that a rapid response time in pre-hospital actions concerning emergency heart deceases, decreases mortality and improves patient outcome[5] – [13]. This paper presents a new telemedicine system enabling ambulance staff, rescue people, emergency paramedics, or general practitioners, to collaborate in order to face pre-hospital patient treatment. It is known that, usually, the ambulance staff has not the required advanced theoretical knowledge and experience to handle emergency situations. Moreover, it is not certified to provide medical care without a medical expert advice. On the other hand, expert physicians such as cardiologists, neurosurgeons, orthopedics cannot participate in ambulance staff for financial or practical reasons Using this system, the above restrictions are coming through by means of an electronic collaboration scheme that is established between the ambulance staff and the experts of a medical unit. This scheme provides the appropriate tolls for the acquisition, transfer, demonstration and evaluation of diverse patient vital signs, such as electrocardiogram (ECG), blood oxygen saturation (SPO2), temperature, blood pressure etc. as well as patient pictures. Moreover, by means of wireless communications tools the experts can advise the ambulance staff to perform theappropriate actions in order to face any emergency case. Hence, the valuable pre-hospital transport time is turned to advantage to diagnose and evaluate the patient’s situation en route, and the pre-hospital phase of transport is transformed into a pre-hospital phase of treatment. In the cases of accidents, the introduced system facilitates the collaboration of the trauma center with the police and the fire brigade since all involved vehicles employs the common electronic collaboration scheme. The proposed system resulted by a project tuned by the European Union under the INNACT-RWG R&D programAction 3.1. Its implementation based on the integration of many technologies such as Geographical Information Systems (GIS), Global Positioning Systems (GPS), wireless LAN (IEEE 802.11), and GSM telephony.
During a two-month pilot period of system operation wetried to find out the system reliability. Of the 55 patients, only 20 cases were marked to have pre-hospital notification. The system utilization results –data of only 36,4% of the patients were recorded by the telemedicine system and transmitted to the reception center- was not the expected. This may be due to the small number of ambulancesequipped with the telemedicine health care system. Another possible reason is that not all patients had health problems serious enough to require the use of the telemedicine systems’ resources. Respecting the time for the vital sign acquisition, transmission and interpretation, Figure 5 shows the average time. Depending on the patient’s state, patient’s cooperation, and vehicle speed, a paramedic needs about 3 min to connect all the needed sensors for 12-lead ECG, SPO2, Temp, and NiBP acquisition. A mean time of 40 sec was required for the mobile connection establishment and the vital sign transmission to the reception center. The average time for transportation was 20 min. Therefore, the ambulance was arrived to the hospital 16 min and 20 sec after the vital sign transmission. Doctors need approximately 12 min to make the ECG interpretation and the other vital sign evaluation. Thus, the diagnosis for the transported cases could have been made 4 min and 20 sec before the patient’s arrival to the hospital. During the above time a preparation could proceed. Thinking of the connection and transmission through the GSM network, tables 1 and 2 shows the results. In Table 1,we can find out how successful the mobile connection was. 16 of 20 cases were successful on the first attempt. A second or third attempt was required in 4 and 2 cases respectively. Table 2 shows how successful the transmission was. In atotal of 20 cases, 17 cases were transmitted on the first attempt, 2 were interrupted and retransmitted one time and 1 was interrupted more then one times. The most common reason for the transmission failure was the low signal levelin some geographical areas, the overloaded mobile service network around the referring area, and in some cases, thebad topological situations. The devices’ advantage was that in both cases (no connection with the first trial or interruption during the data transmission), we had no data loss, because all of the collected data from the system startup till the transmission is stored locally in the mobile unit, in order for a complete medical report to be available every time. The directions to the paramedics were provided with bi-directional voice communication using a separate GSM connection. This solution was selected for two major reasons. With the separate voice communication, the maximum bandwidth was available for medical data transmission, allowing faster interpretation and reply from the control center. Also, for additional reasons such as security, freedom of movement in high risk rescues, e.t.c. vocal communication must be always available. Click here
Learning about herb is important for daily medical treatment. People should know how to use herb around them to cure simple diseases in daily life. This reason inspires us to create the herb database application to be used as standard for research and study in the future. We hope that this application will provide knowledge and benefit to every group of people such as instructors, students, doctors, patients, ordinary people, etc. Our work emphasizes on the thorough analysis of the herb database and the mobile application has functions to search enough details for users what are the benefits of that herb, its characteristics, how to use it, therapy, etc. If there is a new herb, we provide a back office website to update and maintain the herb information. Code Shoppy Finally, this project will improve the database perspective of the herb and increase the accessibility of herb data for a better daily health usage.
Herbs are products of nature that comes from plants, animals, and minerals. It can be transformed into medicine or mixed with other ingredients to cure diseases, improve body health, or used in a poisonous way. If people mix herbs of more than two types, it is called medicine. Herbs that came from plants, animals and minerals are called drugs of biological origin. Every part of a plant can be used as the herb; such as leaf, root, flower, fruit, seed, core, etc. This information should be spread to everyone. It provides benefits and advice people on how to use herbs.
Herbs are natural products that were used as a benefit for the treatment of diseases since antiquity. Nowadays, it has been accepted globally that herbs are better than scientific synthetic medicines. There are ten thousand plants that can be used as herbs. Moreover, herbs are used in the manufacturing of foods, beverages, and cosmetics. The only disadvantage of herbs is that users do not have enough information to verify it. It is difficult choosing the proper herbs to use, estimate ratio and volume, know about side effects, and so on. A. Herb Knowledge In Thailand, herb means the natural products from plant, animal, or mineral as the medicine to cure diseases, nourish body, or use in cooking. In general, herb means the medical plant used for curing diseases. Because most of the herbs are plants, this project will focus on plant part of the herb. Plants can be categorized into four main types; herbaceous plants, shrubs, climbers, and trees. Plant consists of five main parts; root, stem, leaf, flower, and fruit [1], [2]. ROOT is divided into two parts. The first part is the taproot system, which consists of Primary Root (taproot) and Secondary Root (a group of lateral roots). Another part is Adventitious Root or the root that is created to do some special duty. The types of adventitious root consist of many types according to its shape and duty [3]. STEM can be categorized into two main types; aerial stems and underground stems. Aerial Stem are stems that we can see above the ground. Underground Stem is the stem that does not rise to the surface [4]. LEAF can be classified into two types; simple leaf and compound leaf. Phyllotaxy is one of the factors that will tell about the arrangement of leaves. Leaf consists of three main parts; stipule, petiole, and leaf blade. Leaf blade consists of seven more details; leaf shape, leaf apex, leaf base, leaf margin, leaf surface, leaf texture, and leaf venation. The shape of leaf blade can be categorized into two types; normal shape and object-liked shape [5], [6]. FLOWER consists of four main parts; sepal, petal, stamen, and pistil. Flower can be categorized in three ways. The first one is about the component of the flower. The second one is about the gender of the flower. The last one is about the amount of flower in one group [7], [8]. FRUIT consists of two main parts; pericarp and seed. Fruit can be categorized in three ways. The first one is about the birth of the fruit from ovary of the flower. The second one is about the fresh inside the fruit [9], [10]. B. Herb DatabaseThere are some examples, which one of them is shown as Fig.1, of herb information from the herb book of Siriraj Hospital [1].
In this section, the HERBE system analysis and design are describe. Herbe is designed using three tiers architecture and the system application is developed into the mobile application as a front-end service and the web application as the back-end service for database management functions. A. System Architecture For the design, there are two parts of platforms; which are android part and website part as shown in Fig.3. The user can be divided into 3 classes: Guest, Member, and Admin. Users will provide searching keyword into their mobile or the website about herbs that they need to know. Both platforms will send the information to interact with our web server that is looked after by admin. The result from the database will be sent back to the user. If the information is new, admin group will update the information in the database. B. Structure Chart The structure chart of Herbe system consists of four main functions: modification, search, comment, and annotation. C. Database 1)Account – The group of account tables focuses on the information and statistic of each account in this system. 2)Herb – The group of herb database tables focuses on the information and statistic of each herb. 3)Part – The group of herb database tables focuses on the detail information of each part (root, stem, leaf, flower, and fruit) of the herb. 4)Usage – The table focuses on the benefits of each herb in the database. 5)Image – The table focuses on the image path of each image about the herb. 6)Annotation – The group of database tables focuses on the annotation record about new herb information. 7)History – The table focuses on the record about each view on each herb data by each user. 8)Record – The group of record tables focuses on the record about the modification that has been made by Admin to each herb data. D. Interface The interface design of Herbe application has two parts: back-end (Website), and front-end (Mobile phone). The first part of this project is in Website, which is the part for administrator to edit information about herb in the database. The examples of website interface are shown in Fig.6. Another part of this project is in Mobile, which is the part for user to find some herb information from the database.
In conclusion, HERBE application is designed and developed based on the thorough analysis of the nature of herb data. HERBE-database consists of more than 50 data tables containing all parts of the herb information. As a results, the evaluation reflects the high score on both the contents and performance of HERBE system. The search engine is designed to support easy usage for any user. Therefore, HERBE is quite a useful application for helping people to gain knowledge about the herb from both Website and Mobile, but it still needs to be improved. In future work, we plan to make the application more stable and improve some function to be more useful.
WITH the cumulative demands for the interior broadband hypermedia wireless spread amenities, the current radio frequency (RF) based keys, such as Wi-Fi, digital television terrestrial broadcasting (DTTB), etc., have to indenture with the serious supernatural overcapacity issues, especially in the massive shopping mall or opaque inhabited buildings. In this framework, visible light communications (VLC), which apply the revealing light-emitting diode (LED)[1] for broadband broadcast, offers a huge and unrestricted bandwidth to handle with crowded radio spectrum for highly-localized communication systems.
Besides, the VLC technology has many other attractive features, such as worldwide availability, contamination free, high-capacity, and etc., and hence is deliberated as an appealing alternate of RF expertise for indoor multimedia coverage. However, VLC must entrance the support system in case of being the alleged ―data remote keyǁ to grasp the memo initiative. The imaginable and spontaneous system charge solution for VLC is relating the LED lamps tothe modem via system chains, which involves great modification of the interior design and is not economical. The Incorporation of VLC and power line communications (PLC) comes from the observation that all the LED lamps are associated to the power line and the power line can logically act as the support for VLC while driving the LED lamp. In this way, it will save the added cables and be tranquil to be connected. The first PLC and VLC integration model was projected in 2003, using only carrier binary phase shift keying (SC-BPSK) accent to provide a low rate transmission. Then orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is realistic in the mixture PLC and VLC system to combat the declining channel and accomplish higher spectral efficiency. However, in the field of PLC and VLC unified systems for interior spreading, there are still some challenges, such as the channel of the whole announcement link can be modeled as How to design the erection of the incorporation grid to diminish the layout modification as well as the linkage decorum complexity; 2) All the samples still endure in the point-to-point and off-line message structure and there are no employment reports of a realistic indoor diffusion system based on PLC and VLC with OFDM methods; 3) Some technical details comprising the channel displaying, coded variety, frequency band slice, network protocol and so on, are needed to be choice and verified. In this paper, we direct a novel and money-making indoor broadband dispersion system based on the deep mixture of PLC and VLC to mainly address those issues listed above, a two-lamp system demo is executed and the routine estimation is carried out in the workshop. The assistances of this paper can be specified as follows. 1) A extremely united PLC and VLC system is probable in this paper for efficient indoor broadband diffusion, where the signal in the power line is amplified and promoted to the LED without translating and all the LED lamps in one group handover the same signal. In this way, the diffusion network could be homogeneous and characterized as a single rate network (SFN), which avoids intricate web switching for the devices roaming concerning different LED lamps. 2) A prototype joined PLC and VLC system thru two LED spots with accretion load data rate over 48 Mbps data rate within 8 MHz bandwidth is caused in the enquiry plant. The length of the power line part is 200 meters and the statement distance of visible light part is 3 meters with the control of the white LED being 1W (in our point-to-point system, the life-threatening communication coldness of evident light part is 8 meters with the same power), of which the act is the best ever in the reported operations. 3) Investigations are accepted out on the demo to evaluate the concert of the proposed system. It can be found that in the future system, multi-path and thus good Recital can be reached over full-grown channel assessment and equalization systems. The rest of the paper is planned as follows, in Section II we have described the system model of the individual placement design of this module, Academic investigation in Section III, March and Implementation in Section IV and Geographies of the recommended system. Section V concludes the paper. Code Shoppy
A.e-Marketing The effective e-marketing strategy is an important element for the success of any type of business [4]. The uniqueness of e-marketing is created using a series of specific function and relational combined with 4P (Price, Product, Place, and Promotion) to form a mix element of e-marketing, which contains a mixed tool e-marketing that provided on the business website to facilitate sales transactions. According to [5], thing that gives uniqueness to e-marketing is the merging of the traditional marketing concept with a series of relational functions with a new formula 2P + 2C + 3S (Personalization, Privacy, Customer Service, Community, Site, Security and Sales Promotion).
B.Consumers Lifestyle The concept of lifestyle patterns and their relationship to the marketing was introduced in 1963 by William Lazer [6]. The lifestyle patterns were defined as a system concept that has broad meaning [6]. The approach that most widely used for measuring lifestyle has AIO (Activities, Interests, and Opinions). Lifestyle as used in lifestyle segmentation research can measure some things. First, community activities, in terms of how they spend their time. Second, their interests, what they overlooked in their surrounding environment. Third, their opinion, in terms of their views about themselves and the world around them. Fourth, some basic characteristics like the stage of their life cycle, income, education, and where they live. The lifestyle classification can be defined as an integrated pattern of three things [7]. First, the activity consists of hobbies, sports, likes and dislikes for shopping, social activities. Second, the interest consists of food, fashion, family, and leisure. Third, the opinion consists of social problems, business, and government. The lifestyle characteristics have a major impact on buying behavior [8]. In a consumer environment, one chooses a product or brand, which seems to elaborate his lifestyle. Consumers can make a choice in the consumption environment in order to determine or actualize their lifestyle, identify through the selected product, or brand. Consumers select, purchase, and consume the intended goods and services, so that they can define, or extend their identity and lifestyle. The result of the research concluded that there is a casual effect on the individual’s lifestyle consumption behavior. Lifestyles affected the purchase decision [9]. The study found that consumers of lifestyles will affect the purchase decision. For example, consumers who like outdoor activities concerned with things that are fashionable, and they have a willingness to pay with a greater attention to experience the brand image, product quality, and notoriety of product brand. Based on the description above, the formulation of the problems in the research on e-marketing, consumer lifestyle and purchasing decision making style focus were limited to issues with the subject as follows : •How does the influence of e-marketing towards the movie tickets purchasing decision making style through the website? •How does the influence of consumer life style towards the tickets purchasing decision making style through the website? •How does the influence of e-marketing and consumer life style simultaneously towards the movie tickets purchasing decision making style through the website? Code Shoppy
C.Consumer Decision Making Style Modern marketers showed a growing interest in research of the consumer purchasing decision making style to understand how an individual makes a buying decision in a competitive environment [10]. This concept is important because it determines the pattern of consumer behaviour and relevant for market segmentation. Most of the previous researchers have adapted to the Consumer Style Inventory (CSI) introduced by Sproles and Kendall in 1986 as a general tool to assess the customer’s decision making style. Reference [11] showed that the product quality, product brand, fashion, recreation, product price, impulsiveness, overchoice confusion, and brand loyalty influence purchasing decisions. It can not be ignored that many young consumer demand in purchasing online, especially the consumer is influenced by the quality of products, brands, and fashion.
Consumers think that online shopping is a leisure experience and recreational values. Consumers also defend their favourite brand. They are critically influenced by peers and friends in shopping online. Other studies [12] indicates that there is a significant relationship between online consumer decision-making styles and comparison shopping proneness. Consumers with perfectionism style need to compare what is being spent in order to get to their “perfect” choices. Consumers also think that the comparison shopping tool will help them. Similarly, consumers searching for the best value in shopping at websites to find appropriate choices. There are seven styles of consumer purchasing decision making, which are Brand Consciousness, Perfectionist, High Quality Consciousness, Recreational, Hedonistic Consumer, Impulsiveness, Price-Value Consciousness, Confused by Over Choice, Novelty-Fashion Conscious Customer [10]. With the identification of problems that have been described previously, the objectives that could be addressed through this study are as follows : •To determine the influence of e-marketing towards the movie tickets purchase decision making style through website. •To determine the influence of consumers’ life style influence towards the movie tickets purchase decision making style through website. •To determine the influence of e-marketing and consumers life style simultaneously towards the movie tickets purchase decision making style through website.
There are a number of past and ongoing research efforts on the development of e-voting systems. These works largely focus on requirements, technical specification and implementation technologies to support different aspects of the elections from registration and verification through balloting to counting and result. A major shortcoming of these studies is their sole focus on technical aspect of e-voting solution wit/lOut significant attention paid to human and environment factors that arguably determine the successful adoption of such e-voting solutions. This paper addresses this design gap in three steps. First, it provides a conceptualization of e-voting system as a socio-technical system. Second, it elaborates a set of principles to guide a socioteclmical design for e-voting. Third, it provides concrete implications of these principles. The paper concludes on the pragmatics of this approach to e-voting adoption particularly in environment such as Nigeria.
E-voting constitutes a very important aspect of ICTenabled democratic governance [1]. E-Voting solutions generally aim at increasing participation, improving the outcomes elections by addressing challenges associated with traditional voting practices. The notion of e-voting in this paper refers to the use of technology to support one or more of the major phases of the electoral process – from registration stage in the pre-voting phase to voting/balloting and verification to counting or tallying after voting [2], [3]. Although, the term is often associated with the use of electronic channels like the Electronic Voting machines or the internet for casting votes, its use for ICT-enabled voter enrollment or registration is gaining popularity particularly in the developing world. Generally, there are mixed sentiments regarding e-voting adoption, particularly in the aspects of vote casting. For example a number of countries like Netherlands, Germany and Ireland moved away from the use of e-voting for balloting after initial adoption [1]. E-Voting using Electronic Voting Machines (EVM) have also remained controversial in the United States. While e-voting is generally perceived as generally risky [4], there is some consensus that the benefits of e-voting outweigh the actual risks. In this light, developing countries have shown significant interest towards the adoption of e-voting. Given that elections in developing countries attract significant controversies and are fraught with several challenges, the idea of trying any credible alternative is a plausible strategy. While not completely oblivious of the risks involved in evoting, research contributions on e-voting in Africa such as [5] and [6] have largely focused on technological design of evoting systems. However, designs espoused in these works largely ignore: the social context in which the e-voting systems will enacted, peculiar needs of different users (e.g. voters) and the organizational context of the Electoral Authority. Direct experiences of the authors based on adoption and implementation of e-voting solution in Nigeria show that these shortcomings significantly impact the effectiveness of the solution and could potentially compromise the outcome of the elections. A way to address this problem is to adopt a Sociotechnical System (STS) design framework for e-Voting systems. Socio-technical systems approaches advocates a human-centric analysis which considers the impact of the technical or computing sub-system on people and how technology can be designed more effectively for people [7]. The goal of an STS system is to collectively optimize the technical, social and environment subsystems [8]. We consider in this paper the design of e-Voting systems as a socio-technical system. Our goal is to augment existing knowledge about requirements and design of e-Voting systems by the specific design principles that must underpin any e-voting solution when considered more holistically as a socio-technical system. For illustration, we highlight implications of these principles for e-Voting solution in the Nigerian context.
The notion of e-Voting as an STS makes its inherent complexity more apparent. For instance, the need to operate evoting system across different boundaries such as geographical, cultural and temporal boundaries, characteristic of complex systems [8] are not discussed in technical designs of e-voting. These principles make them explicit, for instance see principle #2 in Table 1 above. Omission in this respect creates potential source of failure for e-voting system. Congruent with the principles elaborated here, Chevallier et al [15] identified three core success factors for the Geneva’s evoting project – the role of politics, organization of trials involving voters and other stakeholders and having an interdisciplinary team comprising Legal experts, security CERN, sociologist and political scientists. However, along the clear benefits for the adoption of a STS approach to e-voting design, we must point out some inherent challenges in operationalizing such approach, particularly in the developing country context. For instance, the classical STS approach requires iteration between design implementation and operation to enable continuous improvement and shaping of solution. The practicality of this in terms of participation of stakeholders and resource implication may be limited. Thus, there will be the need to carefully identify principles that could be supported in different context and under the prevailing temporal constraints for the overall election process. View More
