ABSTRACT:
With the increasing volume of images users share through social sites, maintaining privacy has become a major problem, as demonstrated by a recent wave of publicized incidents where users inadvertently shared personal information. In light of these incidents, the need of tools to help users control access to their shared content is apparent. Toward addressing this need, we propose an Adaptive Privacy Policy Prediction (A3P) system to help users compose privacy settings for their images. We examine the role of social context, image content, and metadata as possible indicators of users’ privacy preferences.
We propose a two-level framework which according to the user’s available history on the site, determines the best available privacy policy for the user’s images being uploaded. Our solution relies on an image classification framework for image categories which may be associated with similar policies, and on a policy prediction algorithm to automatically generate a policy for each newly uploaded image, also according to users’ social features. Over time, the generated policies will follow the evolution of users’ privacy attitude. We provide the results of our extensive evaluation over 5,000 policies, which demonstrate the effectiveness of our system, with prediction accuracies over 90 percent.
INTRODUCTION
Images are now one of the key enablers of users’ connectivity. Sharing takes place both among previously established groups of known people or social circles (e. g., Google+, Flickr or Picasa), and also increasingly with people outside the users social circles, for purposes of social discovery-to help them identify new peers and learn about peers interests and social surroundings. However, semantically rich images may reveal contentsensitive information. Consider a photo of a students 2012 graduationceremony, for example.
It could be shared within a Google+ circle or Flickr group, but may unnecessarily expose the studentsBApos familymembers and other friends. Sharing images within online content sharing sites,therefore,may quickly leadto unwanted disclosure and privacy violations. Further, the persistent nature of online media makes it possible for other users to collect rich aggregated information about the owner of the published content and the subjects in the published content. The aggregated information can result in unexpected exposure of one’s social environment and lead to abuse of one’s personal information.
Most content sharing websites allow users to enter their privacy preferences. Unfortunately, recent studies have shown that users struggle to set up and maintain such privacy settings. One of the main reasons provided is that given the amount of shared information this process can be tedious and error-prone. Therefore, many have acknowledged the need of policy recommendation systems which can assist users to easily and properly configure privacy settings. However, existing proposals for automating privacy settings appear to be inadequate to address the unique privacy needs of images due to the amount of information implicitly carried within images, and their relationship with the online environment wherein they are exposed.
LITRATURE SURVEY
TITLE NAME: SHEEPDOG: GROUP AND TAG RECOMMENDATION FOR FLICKR PHOTOS BY AUTOMATIC SEARCH-BASED LEARNING
AUTHOR: H.-M. Chen, M.-H. Chang, P.-C. Chang, M.-C. Tien, W. H. Hsu, and J.-L. Wu,
PUBLISH: Proc. 16th ACM Int. Conf. Multimedia, 2008, pp. 737–740.
EXPLANATION:
Online photo albums have been prevalent in recent years and have resulted in more and more applications developed to provide convenient functionalities for photo sharing. In this paper, we propose a system named SheepDog to automatically add photos into appropriate groups and recommend suitable tags for users on Flickr. We adopt concept detection to predict relevant concepts of a photo and probe into the issue about training data collection for concept classification. From the perspective of gathering training data by web searching, we introduce two mechanisms and investigate their performances of concept detection. Based on some existing information from Flickr, a ranking-based method is applied not only to obtain reliable training data, but also to provide reasonable group/tag recommendations for input photos. We evaluate this system with a rich set of photos and the results demonstrate the effectiveness of our work.
TITLE NAME: CONNECTING CONTENT TO COMMUNITY IN SOCIAL MEDIA VIA IMAGE CONTENT, USER TAGS AND USER COMMUNICATION
AUTHOR: M. D. Choudhury, H. Sundaram, Y.-R. Lin, A. John, and D. D. Seligmann
PUBLISH: Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Multimedia Expo, 2009, pp.1238–1241.
EXPLANATION:
In this paper we develop a recommendation framework to connect image content with communities in online social media. The problem is important because users are looking for useful feedback on their uploaded content, but finding the right community for feedback is challenging for the end user. Social media are characterized by both content and community. Hence, in our approach, we characterize images through three types of features: visual features, user generated text tags, and social interaction (user communication history in the form of comments). A recommendation framework based on learning a latent space representation of the groups is developed to recommend the most likely groups for a given image. The model was tested on a large corpus of Flickr images comprising 15,689 images. Our method outperforms the baseline method, with a mean precision 0.62 and mean recall 0.69. Importantly, we show that fusing image content, text tags with social interaction features outperforms the case of only using image content or tags.
TITLE NAME: ANALYSING FACEBOOK FEATURES TO SUPPORT EVENT DETECTION FOR PHOTO-BASED FACEBOOK APPLICATIONS
AUTHOR: M. Rabbath, P. Sandhaus, and S. Boll,
PUBLISH: Proc. 2nd ACM Int. Conf. Multimedia Retrieval, 2012, pp. 11:1–11:8.
EXPLANATION:
Facebook witnesses an explosion of the number of shared photos: With 100 million photo uploads a day it creates as much as a whole Flickr each two months in terms of volume. Facebook has also one of the healthiest platforms to support third party applications, many of which deal with photos and related events. While it is essential for many Facebook applications, until now there is no easy way to detect and link photos that are related to the same events, which are usually distributed between friends and albums. In this work, we introduce an approach that exploits Facebook features to link photos related to the same event. In the current situation where the EXIF header of photos is missing in Facebook, we extract visual-based, tagged areas-based, friendship-based and structure-based features. We evaluate each of these features and use the results in our approach. We introduce and evaluate a semi-supervised probabilistic approach that takes into account the evaluation of these features. In this approach we create a lookup table of the initialization values of our model variables and make it available for other Facebook applications or researchers to use. The evaluation of our approach showed promising results and it outperformed the other the baseline method of using the unsupervised EM algorithm in estimating the parameters of a Gaussian mixture model. We also give two examples of the applicability of this approach to help Facebook applications in better serving the user.
SYSTEM ANALYSIS
EXISTING SYSTEM:
Image content sharing environments such as Flickr or YouTube contain a large amount of private resources such as photos showing weddings, family holidays, and private parties. These resources can be of a highly sensitive nature, disclosing many details of the users’ private sphere. In order to support users in making privacy decisions in the context of image sharing and to provide them with a better overview on privacy related visual content available on the Web techniques to automatically detect private images, and to enable privacy-oriented image search.
To this end, we learn privacy classifiers trained on a large set of manually assessed Flickr photos, combining textual metadata of images with a variety of visual features. We employ the resulting classification models for specifically searching for private photos, and for diversifying query results to provide users with a better coverage of private and public content. Most content sharing websites allow users to enter their privacy preferences. Unfortunately, recent studies have shown that users struggle to set up and maintain such privacy settings.
- One of the main reasons provided is that given the amount of shared information this process can be tedious and error-prone of policy recommendation systems which can assist users too easily and properly configure privacy settings.
DISADVANTAGES:
- Sharing images within online content sharing sites, therefore, may quickly lead to unwanted disclosure and privacy violations.
- Further, the persistent nature of online media makes it possible for other users to collect rich aggregated information about the owner of the published content and the subjects in the published content.
- The aggregated information can result in unexpected exposure of one’s social environment and lead to abuse of one’s personal information.
PROPOSED SYSTEM:
We propose an Adaptive Privacy Policy Prediction (A3P) system which aims to provide users a hassle free privacy settings experience by automatically generating personalized policies. The A3P system handles user uploaded images, and factors in the following criteria that influence one’s privacy settings of images:
The impact of social environment and personal characteristics: Social context of users, such as their profile information and relationships with others may provide useful information regarding users’ privacy preferences. For example, users interested in photography may like to share their photos with other amateur photographers. Users who have several family members among their social contacts may share with them pictures related to family events. However, using common policies across all users or across users with similar traits may be too simplistic and not satisfy individual preferences.
Users may have drastically different opinions even on the same type of images. For example, a privacy adverse person may be willing to share all his personal images while a more conservative person may just want to share personal images with his family members. In light of these considerations, it is important to find the balancing point between the impact of social environment and users’ individual characteristics in order to predict the policies that match each individual’s needs.
The role of image’s content and metadata: In general, similar images often incur similar privacy preferences, especially when people appear in the images. For example, one may upload several photos of his kids and specify that only his family members are allowed to see these photos. He may upload some other photos of landscapes which he took as a hobby and for these photos, he may set privacy preference allowing anyone to view and comment the photos. Analyzing the visual content may not be sufficient to capture users’ privacy preferences. Tags and other metadata are indicative of the social context of the image, including where it was taken and why, and also provide a synthetic description of images, complementing the information obtained from visual content analysis.
ADVANTAGES:
- The A3P-core focuses on analyzing each individual user’s own images and metadata, while the A3P-Social offers a community perspective of privacy setting recommendations for a user’s potential privacy improvement.
- Our algorithm in A3P-core (that is now parameterized based on user groups and also factors in possible outliers), and a new A3P-social module that develops the notion of social context to refine and extend the prediction power of our system.
- We design the interaction flows between the two building blocks to balance the benefits from meeting personal characteristics and obtaining community advice.
HARDWARE & SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS:
HARDWARE REQUIREMENT:
v Processor – Pentium –IV
- Speed – 1 GHz
- RAM – 256 MB (min)
- Hard Disk – 20 GB
- Floppy Drive – 44 MB
- Key Board – Standard Windows Keyboard
- Mouse – Two or Three Button Mouse
- Monitor – SVGA
SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS:
- Operating System : Windows XP or Win7
- Front End : JAVA JDK 1.7
- Back End : MYSQL Server
- Server : Apache Tomact Server
- Script : JSP Script
- Document : MS-Office 2007